Problem+Set+8

1) Orbitals can imply that there are in fact orbits that the electrons take when in fact, the electrons are only 95% of the time be somewhere inside of an orbital. it would be better to think of it as a cloud of somewhere it might be, or a three dimensional area the electron most likely is located in. Another analogy would be when looking for a species of animal or plant in certain countries. You know that they exist and are somewhere in the country, but you don't know exactly where it is. (Becky Lee)

2.) Quantum mechanical orbitals relate to Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. This is because in the uncertainty principle, we can never be too sure, because it is based on probability and chance. Likewise, in the orbitals we dont know the exact place of the electrons, but simply figure out where they most likely are. We do not know the exact answer, but know what it probably is. (Shane Nediyakalayil)

4) a. 3p to 3s:yes because going to a lower energy level b. 3p to 4p: no because energy is added to jump to a higher energy level c. 2s to 2p: no same reason as b. d. 4f to 2d: this is not possible because 2d does not exist e. b. would involve the most amount of energy because 3p and 4p are the farthest apart in the Aufbau diagram (Rachel H.)

7) a. N- 1s*2 2s*2 2p*3 b. Mg- 1s*2 2s*2 2p*6 3s*2 c. Na*+ - 1s*2 2s*2 2p*6 3s*1 d. 1s2 2s2p6 3s2p6d10 4s2p6d10f14 5s2p6d10f3 6s2p6d1 7s2 (Jacob Spitz)